Autonomic ganglion

Autonomic ganglion

Autonomic nervous system innervation, showing the sympathetic and parasympathetic (craniosacral) systems, in red and blue, respectively
Latin	ganglion autonomicum
Code	TA A14.2.00.008

Autonomic ganglia are clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.

The two main categories are:

Histology: nervous tissue (TA A14, GA 9.849, TH H2.00.06, H3.11)

CNS

General	Grey matter · White matter (Projection fibers · Association fiber · Commissural fiber · Lemniscus · Funiculus · Fasciculus · Decussation · Commissure) · meninges

Neuroglia	Myelination: Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte (Radial glial cell) · Ependymal cells (Tanycyte) · Microglia

Other	Pyramidal · Purkinje · Granule Neuropil

PNS

General	Posterior (Root, Ganglion, Ramus) · Anterior (Root, Ramus) · rami communicantes (Gray, White) · Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers · Postganglionic nerve fibers)

Connective tissues	epineurium · perineurium · endoneurium · nerve fascicle

Neuroglia	Myelination: Schwann cell (Neurolemma, Myelin incisure, Myelin sheath gap, Internodal segment) Satellite glial cell

Neurons/
nerve fibers

Parts	Perikaryon (Axon hillock) Axon (Axon terminals, Axoplasm, Axolemma, Neurofibril/neurofilament) Dendrite (Nissl body, Dendritic spine, Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite)

Types	Bipolar · Unipolar · Pseudounipolar · Multipolar · Interneuron (Renshaw)

Afferent nerve fiber/ Sensory nerve	GSA · GVA · SSA · SVA fibers (Ia, Ib or Golgi, II or Aβ, III or Aδ or fast pain, IV or C or slow pain)

Efferent nerve fiber/ Motor nerve	GSE · GVE · SVE Upper motor neuron · Lower motor neuron (α motorneuron, γ motorneuron, β motorneuron)

Termination

Synapse	Electrical synapse/Gap junction · Chemical synapse (Synaptic vesicle, Active zone, Postsynaptic density) · Ribbon synapse · Neuromuscular junction

Sensory receptors	Meissner's corpuscle · Merkel nerve ending · Pacinian corpuscle · Ruffini ending · Muscle spindle · Free nerve ending · Olfactory receptor neuron · Photoreceptor cell · Hair cell · Taste bud

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves – autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion) (TA A14.3, GA 9.968)

Head/
cranial

Sympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Sympathetic) · Short ciliary

Parasympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Parasympathetic) · Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal · nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine (inferior posterior nasal branches) · lesser palatine · nasopalatine (medial superior posterior nasal branches) · pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Neck/
cervical

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) · Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus · Internal carotid

Chest/
thorax

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus · Esophageal plexus · Pulmonary plexus · Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary · thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior · Middle · Inferior

Abdomen/
Lumbar

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) · Superior mesenteric ganglion · Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus · (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) · aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) · Superior mesenteric (Gastric) · Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) · Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) · Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal) splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Enteric	Meissner's plexus · Auerbach's plexus

Pelvis/
sacral

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia · Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic	splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)